01 · Reading
英文原文
EN
Some time ago, an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea. An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini. The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization. Houses — often three storeys high — were built of stone. They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls. The city was even equipped with a drainage system, for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets.
The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times. In the most sacred room of the temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues were found. Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted. The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C. Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C. This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved. It was very old and precious even then.
When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman. She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hips. She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground. Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.
02 · Translation
参考译文
ZH
不久之前，在爱情海的基亚岛上，考古工作者有一项有趣的发现。一个美国考古队在阿伊亚·依里尼海角的一座古城里考察了一座庙宇。这座古城肯定一度很繁荣，因为它曾享有高度的文明。房子一般有3层楼高，用石块修建，里面房间很大，墙壁装饰华丽。城里甚至还敷设了排水系统，因为在狭窄的街道地下发现了许许多多陶土制作的排水管道。
考古工作者考察的这座庙宇从公元前15世纪直至罗马时代一直是祭祀祈祷的场所。在庙中最神圣的一间殿堂里发现了15尊陶制雕像的碎片。每一尊雕像代表一位女神，而且一度上过色。其中一尊雕像，她的躯体是公元前15世纪的历史文物中发现的，而她那个身首异处的脑袋却碰巧是在公元前5世纪的文物中找到的。她的脑袋一定是在古希腊罗马时代就为人所发现，并受到了精心的保护。即使在当时，它也属历史悠久的珍奇之物。
考古工作者把这些碎片重新拼装起来后，惊奇发现那位女神原来是一位相貌十分摩登的女郎。她身高3英尺，双手叉腰，身穿一条拖地长裙，尽管上了年纪，但体态确实优美。不过，考古工作者至今未能确定这位女神的身份。
03 · Core Vocabulary
核心词汇
重点单词（共15个）
goddess /ˈɡɒdɪs/
n. 女神 (Each of these represented a goddess.)
archaeologist /ˌɑːkiˈɒlədʒɪst/
n. 考古学家 (An interesting discovery was made by archaeologists.)
explore /ɪkˈsplɔːr/
v. 考察，探索 (An American team explored a temple.)
promontory /ˈprɒməntəri/
n. 海角 (On the promontory of Ayia Irini.)
prosperous /ˈprɒspərəs/
adj. 繁荣的 (The city at one time must have been prosperous.)
civilization /ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/
n. 文明 (It enjoyed a high level of civilization.)
storey /ˈstɔːri/
n. 楼层 (Houses — often three storeys high — were built of stone.)
drainage /ˈdreɪnɪdʒ/
n. 排水系统 (The city was even equipped with a drainage system.)
worship /ˈwɜːʃɪp/
n. 崇拜，礼拜 (Used as a place of worship.)
sacred /ˈseɪkrɪd/
adj. 神圣的 (In the most sacred room of the temple.)
fragment /ˈfræɡmənt/
n. 碎片 (Clay fragments of fifteen statues were found.)
remains /rɪˈmeɪnz/
n. 遗物，剩余物 (Found among remains dating from the 15th century B.C.)
reconstruct /ˌriːkənˈstrʌkt/
v. 修复，重建 (When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments.)
graceful /ˈɡreɪsfəl/
adj. 优雅的 (She was very graceful indeed.)
identity /aɪˈdentəti/
n. 身份 (Unable to discover her identity.)
04 · Key Phrases
重点短语
课文核心短语（共13个）
some time ago
不久之前 (Some time ago, an interesting discovery was made.) 常用于故事开头的固定短语
at one time
曾经，一度 (The city at one time must have been prosperous.) 表示过去某个时期
a high level of
高度的…… (It enjoyed a high level of civilization.) 后可接抽象名词
be built of
由……建成 (Houses were built of stone.) 强调材料可见
be equipped with
配备有…… (The city was even equipped with a drainage system.)
a great many
许许多多 (A great many clay pipes were found.) 修饰可数名词复数
be used as
被用作…… (The temple was used as a place of worship.)
a place of worship
祭祀祈祷的场所 (Used as a place of worship from the 15th century B.C. until Roman times.)
date from
可追溯到…… (Remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C.) = date back to
happen to
碰巧，偶然 (Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C.)
turn out to be
结果是，原来是 (The goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman.) 表示出乎意料的结果
rest on
放在……上，倚靠 (Her hands rested on her hips.)
so far
迄今为止 (So far, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.) 常用于现在完成时
05 · Grammar
重要语法
语法要点（共5个）
一、情态动词 + have done：对过去的推测
must have been 表示对过去情况的肯定推测，意为"一定曾经……"。
课文对照：The city at one time must have been prosperous...（这座城市肯定一度很繁荣。）
例句：He must have arrived by now. 他现在一定已经到了。
二、被动语态的大量运用
课文中大量使用被动结构，这是科技和考古类文章的典型特征。如 were built、was equipped、were found、had been painted。
课文对照：The temple...was used as a place of worship...
例句：The bridge was built in 1920. 这座桥建于1920年。
三、for 作并列连词表示原因
for 作并列连词时表示原因或解释，只能放在句中（不能放在句首），语气比 because 弱。
课文对照：...must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization.
例句：He could not have seen me, for I was not there. 他不可能看见我，因为我不在那里。
四、分词作后置定语
现在分词短语作后置定语，相当于定语从句。
课文对照：remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C. (= remains which dated from...)
例句：The girl standing over there is my sister. 站在那边的女孩是我妹妹。
五、Despite + 名词结构
Despite 意为"尽管"，后面接名词或动名词（不能接从句）。
课文对照：Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed.
例句：Despite the rain, we continued playing. 尽管下雨，我们继续比赛。
06 · Core Patterns
核心句式
经典句型（共5个）
Pattern 1
Some time ago, an interesting discovery was made by...
"Some time ago, an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea."
用于叙述某事件发生的开头，Some time ago 意为"不久前"，by + 动作发出者 引出行为主体。
Pattern 2
...must have been...（对过去的肯定推测）
"The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization."
"must have + 过去分词"表示对过去情况的肯定推测，语气确凿；否定推测用 can't/couldn't have done。
Pattern 3
...was used as a place of...
"The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times."
be used as 表示"被用作……"，后续名词说明功能。from...until... 标注时间跨度。
Pattern 4
...happened to be / happen to do...
"Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C."
happen to do / be 表示"碰巧……"，强调偶然性。
Pattern 5
...turned out to be...
"...the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman."
turn out to be 表示"结果证明是/原来是"，强调出乎意料的发现或结果。
07 · Translation Practice
中译英训练
点击句子查看对应英文翻译
不久之前，考古学家在希腊的一个岛上有一项有趣的发现。
答案：Some time ago, an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on a Greek island.
一个美国考古队在一个古城中考察了一座庙宇。
答案：An American team explored a temple in an ancient city.
这座城市肯定一度非常繁荣。
答案：The city at one time must have been very prosperous.
这座城市享有高度的文明。
答案：The city enjoyed a high level of civilization.
这里的房子通常有三层楼高，用石块修建。
答案：Houses — often three storeys high — were built of stone.
这些房间很大，墙壁装饰华丽。
答案：They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls.
这座城市甚至配备了排水系统。
答案：The city was even equipped with a drainage system.
在狭窄的街道地下发现了许多陶土管道。
答案：A great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets.
这座庙宇从公元前15世纪开始被用作礼拜场所。
答案：The temple was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century B.C.
在庙中最神圣的房间里发现了15尊雕像的碎片。
答案：In the most sacred room of the temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues were found.
每一尊雕像都代表一位女神，曾经被上过色。
答案：Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted.
其中一尊雕像的躯体是在公元前15世纪的文物中发现的。
答案：The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C.
它丢失的脑袋碰巧是在公元前5世纪的文物中找到的。
答案：Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C.
这颗头一定在古代就被发现并精心保存了起来。
答案：This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved.
即使在当时，它也属历史悠久的珍奇之物。
答案：It was very old and precious even then.
考古学家把碎片重新拼装起来后，惊讶地发现这位女神原来是一位相貌很摩登的女郎。
答案：When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman.
她身高三英尺，双手叉腰。
答案：She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hips.
她穿着一条拖地长裙。
答案：She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground.
尽管年代久远，她的体态确实非常优雅。
答案：Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed.
迄今为止，考古学家还未能确定这位女神的身份。
答案：So far, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.
08 · Sentence Practice
造句练习
运用本课词汇和表达，完成下列句子
这本书一定很受欢迎，因为它已经卖出了上百万册。
参考：The book must have been very popular, for it has sold millions of copies.
这座古城以高度发达的排水系统而闻名。
参考：The ancient city was famous for its highly developed drainage system.
考古学家在海底发现了许多陶器碎片。
参考：The archaeologists found a great many clay fragments on the seabed.
这座庙宇曾经是祭祀活动的场所。
参考：This temple was once a place of worship.
我们碰巧在同一个学校读书。
参考：We happened to study in the same school.
那个被描绘为普通女孩的人结果是一位著名的艺术家。
参考：The person described as an ordinary girl turned out to be a famous artist.
尽管天气恶劣，他们还是完成了这次探险。
参考：Despite the bad weather, they completed the exploration.
这些远古的雕像被精心保存了下来。
参考：These ancient statues were carefully preserved.
她的手轻轻放在膝盖上，看起来很放松。
参考：Her hands rested gently on her knees, and she looked very relaxed.
到目前为止，科学家还没有找到问题的答案。
参考：So far, scientists have been unable to find the answer to the problem.
这件文物可以追溯到公元前10世纪。
参考：This artifact dates from the tenth century B.C.
这座新楼配备了现代化的消防系统。
参考：The new building is equipped with a modern fire-fighting system.
她的态度一度非常冷淡，后来却变得很友好了。
参考：At one time her attitude was very cold, but later she became quite friendly.
这位舞者动作优雅，吸引了所有人的目光。
参考：The dancer was very graceful and drew everyone's attention.
警察未能查明那名男子的身份。
参考：The police have been unable to discover the identity of the man.
这座古城曾经享受繁荣的贸易。
参考：The ancient city once enjoyed prosperous trade.
考古学家正在修复这座破碎的雕像。
参考：The archaeologists are reconstructing the broken statue.
婚礼上她穿着一件漂亮的拖地长裙。
参考：She was wearing a beautiful full-length skirt at the wedding.
这些孩子享有良好的教育条件。
参考：These children enjoy a high level of educational conditions.
没有人想到这位普通的老人原来是一位英雄。
参考：Nobody expected that the ordinary old man turned out to be a hero.